Investigation of effects of low level laser therapy in distraction osteogenesis

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the histopathological effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) application in distraction osteogenesis (DO). Materials and Methods: Twenty adult female New Zealand white rabbits were included in the study. Under general anesthesia unilateral mandibular corpus osteotomy was performed. Custom made external distractors were placed to right mandibles of rabbits. After five days of latency period, distractors were activated once a day for 5 days with 1 mm/day frequency. Animals in the study group were exposed to LLLT from six different points transcutanously after each distractor activation. Control group was not exposed to laser irradiation. Animals were sacrificed after 15 and 30 days of consolidation periods and mandibles were processed for histopathological investigation under light microscope. Bone healing was analyzed with a semi-quantitative 4 point scale. Results: Osteoblastic activity and vascularization were found higher in the study group than control group after 15 days consolidation. Chondroblastic activity of the control group was significantly higher than the study group in both 15 and 30 days of consolidation groups. Osteoblastic activity and trabecular bone formation were found significantly higher in the study group than the control group after 15 days consolidation. Conclusions: The use of LLLT in activation period of distraction osteogenesis stimulates bone repair in the early stages of distraction osteogenesis by inducing intramembranous healing and less cartilage tissue formation in the bone callus.